Carboxylic acid derivatives having an oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine ring

ABSTRACT

Carboxylic acid derivatives having an oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine ring 
     The invention therefore relates to compounds of the formula I 
                         
in which X, Y, R 1 , R 2  and R 3  have the given meanings. The compounds of the formula I are suitable, for example, for wound healing.

The invention relates to carboxylic acid derivatives having an oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine ring and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

Structurally similar compounds are already described in the prior art (see WO 2009/154775), which are suitable for treating multiple sclerosis. The mode of action of these compounds consists in causing a desensitization of the EDG 1 signal pathway by activating the EDG 1 receptor (so-called superagonism), which is then equivalent to a functional antagonism of the EDG 1 signal pathway. Systemically means that especially on lymphocytes, the EDG 1 signal pathway is permanently suppressed, as a result of which these cells can no longer chemotactically follow the S1P gradient between blood and lymph fluid. This means that the affected lymphocytes can no longer leave the secondary lymphatic tissue (increased homing) and the number of freely circulating lymphocytes in the plasma is greatly reduced. This deficiency of lymphocytes in the plasma (lymphopenia) brings about immunosuppression which is obligatorily required for the mechanism of action of the EDG 1 receptor modulators described in WO 2009/154775.

It was an object of the invention to provide compounds which display a therapeutically utilizable action. The object was in particular to provide novel compounds which are suitable specifically for wound healing and in particular for the treatment of wound healing disorders in patients with diabetes. In addition, it was desirable to provide compounds which are suitable for the treatment of diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). Furthermore, it was desirable to achieve a reproducible activation of the EDG 1 receptor signal pathway which thereby permits, in pharmacological terms, a persistent activation of the EDG 1 signal pathway.

The invention therefore relates to compounds of the formula I

in which X, Y, R¹, R² and R³ are as defined below.

The mechanism of action of the compounds of the formula I is thus not based on desensitization of the EDG 1 signal pathway and is therefore in diametral opposition to the mechanism of action described in WO 2009/154775. The invention furthermore relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of the formula I, their use, in particular as active ingredients in pharmaceuticals, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Compared with healthy people, patients with diabetes have delayed wound healing and an increased rate of infection, especially in the case of long-term hyperglycemia, caused for example by poor blood sugar regulation. The causes include circulation disorders, especially in the area of the small vessels, which lead to impaired oxygen and nutrient supply of the tissue. Moreover, the cell division and cell migration rate of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and dermal endothelial cells is reduced. Additionally, the activity of various defense cells (granulocytes) with reduced phagocytosis (engulfing and destruction of bacteria) is restricted. The action of antibodies (immunoglobulins) against bacteria at high blood sugar levels is also restricted. Accordingly, wounds and infections in patients with diabetes have to be cared for in a particular way.

The Edg 1 receptor is a member of the endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) receptor family of currently eight identified class A GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors). This family can be divided into subfamilies of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-activated receptors (five members) and receptors activated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA; three members). The endogenous ligand S1P is a pluripotent lysophospholipid acting on different cell types by activating GPCRs from the Edg receptor family, namely Edg 1 (=S1P1), Edg 3 (=S1P3), Edg 5 (=S1P2), Edg 6 (=S1P4) and Edg 8 (S1P5). Although S1P is also described as an intracellular messenger, numerous cellular responses of S1P are mediated via the activation of Edg receptors. S1P is generated by the enzyme family of sphingosine kinases (SPHK) and degraded by different phosphatases or lyases.

Known indications of Edg 1 receptor agonists are, for example, cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardioprotection, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, kidney disorders and respiratory disorders.

The present invention provides compounds of the formula I in any of their stereoisomeric forms, or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any ratio, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a physiologically acceptable solvate of such a compound or such a salt,

wherein

X is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkynediyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy and (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyloxy; all of which are optionally substituted by one or more identical or different substituents selected from the group consisting of fluorine and hydroxyl, where the oxygen atom of the (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy and (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyloxy groups is attached to group Y;

Y is selected from the group consisting of phenylene and a bivalent radical of an aromatic 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle which contains 1, 2 or 3 identical or different ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, where one of the ring nitrogen atoms may carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent R⁴ and where the phenylene and the bivalent radical of an aromatic heterocycle are optionally substituted at one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C₁-C₄)-alkyl;

R² and R³ independently of one another are selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2;

R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, where z is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2;

m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2.

Structural elements such as groups, substituents, hetero ring members, numbers or other features, for example alkyl groups, groups like R⁵, numbers like m, which can occur several times in the compounds of the formula I, can all independently of one another have any of the indicated meanings and can in each case be identical to or different from one another. For example, the alkyl groups in a dialkylamino group can be identical or different.

Alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups can be linear, i.e. straight-chain, or branched. This also applies when they are part of other groups, for example alkyloxy groups (=alkoxy groups, alkyl O groups), alkyloxycarbonyl groups or alkyl-substituted amino groups, or when they are substituted. Depending on the respective definition, the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl group can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, or 1, 2, 3 or 4, or 1, 2 or 3. Examples of alkyl are methyl, ethyl, propyl including n-propyl and isopropyl, butyl including n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl, pentyl including n pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, isopentyl, neopentyl and tert-pentyl, and hexyl including n-hexyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl and isohexyl. Double bonds and triple bonds in alkenyl groups and alkynyl groups can be present in any positions. In one embodiment of the invention, alkenyl groups contain one double bond and alkynyl groups contain one triple bond. In one embodiment of the invention, an alkenyl group or alkynyl group contains at least three carbon atoms and is bonded to the remainder of the molecule via a carbon atom which is not part of a double bond or triple bond. Examples of alkenyl and alkynyl are ethenyl, prop-1-enyl, prop-2-enyl (=allyl), but-2-enyl, 2-methylprop-2-enyl, 3-methylbut-2-enyl, hex-3-enyl, hex-4-enyl, prop-2-ynyl (=propargyl), but-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl, hex-4-ynyl or hex-5-ynyl. Substituted alkyl groups, alkenyl groups and alkynyl groups can be substituted in any positions, provided that the respective compound is sufficiently stable and is suitable for the desired purpose such as use as a drug substance. The prerequisite that a specific group and a compound of the formula I are sufficiently stable and suitable for the desired purpose such as use as a drug substance, applies in general with respect to the definitions of all groups in the compounds of the formula I.

As far as applicable, the preceding explanations regarding alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups apply correspondingly to divalent alkyl groups such as the groups alkanediyl C_(u)H_(2u), C_(v)H_(2v), C_(w)H_(2w) and C_(z)H_(2z) and bivalent alkenyl groups and alkynyl groups, such as the groups alkenediyl and alkyndiyl, which thus can likewise be linear and branched. The double bonds and triple bonds in alkenediyl and alkynediyl groups can be present in any positions. In one embodiment of the invention, alkenediyl groups contain one double bond and alkynediyl groups contain one triple bond. Examples of divalent alkyl groups are —CH₂— (=methylene, —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH(CH₃)—, —C(CH₃)₂—, —CH(CH₃)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(CH₃)—, —C(CH₃)₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(CH₃)₂—, examples of divalent alkenyl groups are —CH═CH—, —CH₂—CH═CH—, —CH═CH—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—CH═CH—, —C(CH₃)═C(CH₃)—, and examples of divalent alkynyl groups are —C≡C—, —CH₂—C≡C—, —C≡C—CH₂—, —C(CH₃)₂—C≡C—, —C≡C≡C(CH₃)₂—, —CH₂—C≡C—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—C≡C—. If a number in a divalent group such as the number z in the group C_(z)H_(2z), for example, is 0 (=zero), the two groups which are attached to the contemplated group, such as C_(z)H_(2z), are directly connected to one another via a single bond.

The number of ring carbon atoms in a cycloalkyl group can be 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. In one embodiment of the invention, the number of ring carbon atoms in a cycloalkyl group, independently of the number of ring carbon atoms in any other cycloalkyl group, is 3, 4, 5 or 6, in another embodiment 3, 4 or 5, in another embodiment 3 or 4, in another embodiment 3, in another embodiment 5, 6 or 7, in another embodiment 5 or 6, in another embodiment 6 or 7, in another embodiment 6. This applies accordingly to divalent cycloalkyl groups, i.e. cycloalkanediyl groups, which can be bonded to the adjacent groups via any one or two ring carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl. Examples of divalent cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropane-1,1-diyl, cyclopropane-1,2-diyl, cyclobutane-1,3-diyl, cyclopentane-1,1-diyl, cyclopentane-1,2-diyl, cyclopentane-1,3-diyl, cyclohexane-1,1-diyl, cyclohexane-1,2-diyl, cyclohexane-1,3-diyl, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, cycloheptane-1,4-diyl. Independently of one another and independently of any other substituents, cycloalkyl groups and cycloalkanediyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more identical or different (C₁-C₄)-alkyl substituents which can be located in any positions, i.e., cycloalkyl groups can be unsubstituted by alkyl substituents or substituted by alkyl substituents, for example by 1, 2, 3 or 4, or by 1 or 2, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl substituents, for example by methyl groups. Examples of alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl groups and cycloalkanediyl groups are 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl or 2,3-dimethylcyclopentyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1,1-diyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1,2-diyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclopentane-1,3-diyl, 6,6-dimethylcycloheptane-1,4-diyl. Examples of cycloalkylalkyl groups, which can represent groups such as (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, for example, are cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cycloheptylmethyl, 1-cyclopropylethyl, 2-cyclopropylethyl, 1-cyclobutylethyl, 2-cyclobutylethyl, 2-cyclopentylethyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, 2-cycloheptylethyl.

Independently of one another and independently of any other substituents, alkyl groups, divalent alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, divalent alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, divalent alkynyl groups, cycloalkyl groups and divalent cycloalkyl groups may optionally be substituted by one or more fluorine substituents which can be located in any positions, i.e., these groups can be unsubstituted by fluorine substituents or substituted by fluorine substituents, for example by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, or by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, or by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, or by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, or by 1, 2 or 3, or by 1 or 2, fluorine substituents. Examples of such fluorine-substituted groups are trifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, heptafluoroisopropyl, —CHF—, —CF₂—, —CF₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—CF₂—, —CF₂—CF₂—, —CF(CH₃)—, —C(CF₃)₂—, 1-fluorocyclopropyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl, 3,3-difluorocyclobutyl, 1-fluorocyclohexyl, 4,4-difluorocyclohexyl, 3,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluorocyclohexyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1,2-diyl. Examples of alkyloxy groups in which the alkyl moiety is fluorine-substituted are trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy and 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy. In one embodiment of the invention, the total number of fluorine substituents and (C₁-C₄)-alkyl substituents, which independently of any other substituents are optionally present on cycloalkyl groups and cycloalkanediyl groups in the compounds of the formula I, is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11, in another embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, in another embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, in another embodiment 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Groups like phenyl, naphthyl (=naphthalynyl) and residues of aromatic heterocycles which are optionally substituted by one or more substituents, can be unsubstituted or substituted, for example by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, or by 1, 2, 3 or 4, or by 1, 2 or 3, or by 1 or 2, or by 1, identical or different substituents which can be located in any positions. In one embodiment of the invention the total number of nitro substituents in a compound of the formula I is not greater than two. Aromatic nitrogen heterocycles which in the parent ring system carry a hydrogen atom on a ring nitrogen atom in a 5-membered ring, such as a pyrrole, imidazole, indole or benzimidazole ring, for example, can be substituted on the carbon atoms and/or on such ring nitrogen atoms. In one embodiment of the invention, substituents on such ring nitrogen atoms are chosen from (C₁-C₄)-alkyl groups, i.e. such ring nitrogen atoms in aromatic heterocycles carry a hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₄)-alkyl substituent. When it is stated with respect to ring nitrogen atoms in aromatic heterocycles and other heterocycles that they can carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent, such ring nitrogen atoms either carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent, or they do not carry a hydrogen atom or substituent. Ring nitrogen atoms which carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent, occur in a nitrogen-containing aromatic 5-membered ring as is present in pyrrole, imidazole, indole or benzimidazole, for example, and in a non-aromatic ring including a saturated ring. Ring nitrogen atoms which do not carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent unless they are present in positively charged form, including any further ring nitrogen atoms in addition to ring nitrogen atoms which carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent, occur in an aromatic ring as is present in thiazole, imidazole, pyridine or benzimidazole, for example, and in a non-aromatic ring in which they are bridgehead atoms or are part of a double bond, and they occur as ring nitrogen atoms via which a ring is bonded. Suitable ring nitrogen atoms in aromatic heterocycles in the compounds of the formula I, such as the ring nitrogen atom in a pyridine ring, specifically a ring nitrogen atom in an aromatic heterocycle representing R², can also carry an oxy substituent O⁻ and be present as an N-oxide, and such ring nitrogen atoms can also be present as quaternary salt, for example as N—(C₁-C₄)-alkyl salt such as N-methyl salt, wherein in one embodiment of the invention the counter anion in such a quaternary salt is a physiologically acceptable anion which is derived from an acid that forms a physiologically acceptable salt. In monosubstituted phenyl groups, the substituent can be located in the 2-position, the 3-position or the 4-position. In disubstituted phenyl groups, the substituents can be located in 2,3-position, 2,4-position, 2,5-position, 2,6-position, 3,4-position or 3,5-position. In trisubstituted phenyl groups, the substituents can be located in 2,3,4-position, 2,3,5-position, 2,3,6-position, 2,4,5-position, 2,4,6-position or 3,4,5-position. Naphthyl can be 1-naphthyl (=naphthalen-1-yl) or 2-naphthyl (=naphthalen-2-yl). In monosubstituted 1-naphthyl groups, the substituent can be located in the 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-position. In monosubstituted 2-naphthyl groups, the substituent can be located in the 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-position. In disubstituted naphthyl groups, the substituents can likewise be located in any positions both in the ring via which the naphthyl group is bonded and/or in the other ring. This statement relating to the monovalent residues applies accordingly to the respective divalent residues, such as phenylene groups representing R², for example, which thus can likewise be unsubstituted or substituted, for example by 1, 2, 3 or 4, or by 1, 2 or 3, or by 1 or 2, or by 1, identical or different substituents which can be located in any positions.

In aromatic heterocycles, which may be designated as heteroaryl and heteroarylene groups, as well as in all other heterocyclic rings and non-aromatic heterocyclic groups, the ring heteroatoms are generally chosen from N, O and S, where N includes ring nitrogen atoms which carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent as well as ring nitrogen atom which do not carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Ring heteroatoms can be located in any positions, provided that the heterocyclic system is known in the art and is stable and suitable as a subgroup for the desired purpose of the compound of the formula I such as use as a drug substance. In one embodiment of the invention, two ring oxygen atoms cannot be present in adjacent ring positions of any heterocycle, in another embodiment two ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur cannot be present in adjacent ring positions of any heterocycle. Saturated rings do not contain a double bond within the ring. Unsaturated ring systems can be aromatic or partially unsaturated including partially aromatic, in which latter case one ring in a bicyclic ring system is aromatic and the ring system is bonded via an atom in the non-aromatic ring. Depending on the respective group, unsaturated rings can contain one, two, three, four or five double bonds within the ring. Aromatic groups contain a cyclic system of six or ten delocalized pi electrons in the ring. Depending on the respective group, saturated and non-aromatic unsaturated heterocyclic rings, including Het and non-aromatic groups representing R³, can be 3-membered, 4-membered, 5-membered, 6-membered, 7-membered, 8-membered, 9-membered or 10-membered. In one embodiment of the invention, aromatic heterocyclic rings are 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic rings or 8-membered, 9-membered or 10-membered bicyclic rings, in another embodiment 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic rings or 9-membered or 10-membered bicyclic rings, in another embodiment 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic rings, wherein the 8-membered, 9-membered or 10-membered bicyclic rings are composed of two fused 5-membered rings, a 5-membered ring and a 6-membered ring which are fused to one another, and two fused 6-membered rings, respectively. In bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic groups, one or both rings can contain hetero ring members, and one or both rings can be aromatic. In general, bicyclic ring systems containing an aromatic ring and a non-aromatic ring are regarded as aromatic when they are bonded via a carbon atom in the aromatic ring, and as non-aromatic when they are bonded via a carbon atom in the non-aromatic ring. Unless stated otherwise, heterocyclic groups including aromatic heterocyclic groups can be bonded via any suitable ring carbon atom and, in the case of nitrogen heterocycles, via any suitable ring nitrogen atom. In one embodiment of the invention, an aromatic heterocyclic group in a compound of the formula I, independently of any other aromatic heterocyclic group, is bonded via a ring carbon atom, in another embodiment via a ring nitrogen atom. Depending on the definition of the respective heterocyclic group, in one embodiment of the invention the number of ring heteroatoms which can be present in a heterocyclic group, independently of the number of ring heteroatoms in any other heterocyclic group, is 1, 2, 3 or 4, in another embodiment 1, 2 or 3, in another embodiment 1 or 2, in another embodiment 1, wherein the ring heteroatoms can be identical or different. Heterocyclic groups which are optionally substituted, can independently of any other heterocyclic group be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different substituents, for example by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, or by 1, 2, 3 or 4, or by 1, 2 or 3, or by 1 or 2, or by 1 substituents, which are indicated in the definition of the respective group. Substituents on heterocyclic groups can be located in any positions. For example, in a pyridin-2-yl group substituents can be located in the 3-position and/or 4-position and/or 5-position and/or 6-position, in a pyridin-3-yl group substituents can be located in the 2-position and/or 4-position and/or 5-position and/or 6-position, in a pyridin-4-yl group substituents can be located in the 2-position and/or 3-position and/or 5-position and/or 6-position.

Examples of parent heterocycles, from which heterocyclic groups including aromatic heterocyclic groups, saturated heterocyclic groups and non-aromatic unsaturated heterocyclic groups can be derived, are azete, oxete, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, pyrazole, [1,3]dioxole, oxazole (=[1,3]oxazole), isoxazole (=[1,2]oxazole), thiazole (=[1,3]thiazole), isothiazole (=[1,2]thiazole), [1,2,3]triazole, [1,2,4]triazole, [1,2,4]oxadiazole, [1,3,4]oxadiazole, [1,2,4]thiadiazole, [1,3,4]thiadiazole, tetrazole, pyridine, pyran, thiopyran, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, [1,3]oxazine, [1,4]oxazine, [1,3]thiazine, [1,4]thiazine, [1,2,3]triazine, [1,3]dithiine, [1,4]dithiine, [1,2,4]triazine, [1,3,5]triazine, [1,2,4,5]tetrazine, azepine, [1,3]diazepine, [1,4]diazepine, [1,3]oxazepine, [1,4]oxazepine, [1,3]thiazepine, [1,4]thiazepine, azocine, azecine, cyclopenta[b]pyrrole, 2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, indole, isoindole, benzothiophene, benzofuran, [1,3]benzodioxole (=1,2-methylenedioxybenzene), [1,3]benzoxazole, [1,3]benzothiazole, benzoimidazole, thieno[3,2-c]pyridine, chromene, isochromene, [1,4]benzodioxine, [1,4]benzoxazine, [1,4]benzothiazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, phthalazine, thienothiophene, [1,8]naphthyridine and other naphthyridines, pteridine, and the respective saturated and partially unsaturated heterocycles in which one or more, for example one, two, three, four or all double bonds within the ring system including double bonds in aromatic ring are replaced with single bonds, such as azetidine, oxetane, pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, imidazolidine, oxazolidine, thiazolidine, dihydropyridine, piperidine, tetrahydropyran, piperazine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, azepane, chroman, isochroman, [1,4]benzodioxane (=1,2-ethylenedioxybenzene), 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, for example.

Examples of residues of aromatic heterocycles, which can occur in the compounds of the formula I, are thiophenyl (=thienyl) including thiophen-2-yl and thiophen-3-yl, pyridinyl (=pyridyl) including pyridin-2-yl (=2-pyridyl), pyridin-3-yl (=3-pyridyl) and pyridin-4-yl (=4-pyridyl), imidazolyl including, for example, 1H-imidazol-1-yl, 1H imidazol-2-yl, 1H-imidazol-4-yl and 1H-imidazol-5-yl, [1,2,4]triazolyl including 1H-[1,2,4]-triazol-1-yl and 4H-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl, tetrazolyl including 1H-tetrazol-1-yl and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl, quinolinyl (=quinolyl) including quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, quinolin-4-yl, quinolin-5-yl, quinolin-6-yl, quinolin-7-yl and quinolin-8-yl, which all are optionally substituted as indicated in the definition of the respective group. Examples of residues of saturated and partially unsaturated heterocycles, which can occur in the compounds of the formula I, are azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl including pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl and pyrrolidin-3-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolyl, piperidinyl including piperidin-1-yl, piperidin-2-yl, piperidin-3-yl and piperidin-4-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridinyl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, 1,2-dihydropyridinyl, azepanyl, azocanyl, azecanyl, octahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl including 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indolyl, octahydro-1H-indolyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindolyl, octahydro-1H-isoindolyl, 1,2-dihydroquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, 1,2-dihydroisoquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, 1,2-dihydropyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, [1,3]diazepanyl, [1,4]diazepanyl, oxazolidinyl, [1,3]oxazinanyl, [1,3]oxazepanyl, morpholinyl including morpholin-2-yl, morpholin-3-yl and morpholin-4-yl, [1,4]oxazepanyl, thiazolidinyl, [1,3]thiazinanyl, thiomorpholinyl including thiomorpholin-2-yl, thiomorpholin-3-yl and thiomorpholin-4-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,4]thiazinyl, [1,3]thiazepanyl, [1,4]thiazepanyl, [1,4]thiazepanyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, isoxazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, [1,2,4]-oxadiazolidinyl, [1,2,4]-thiadiazolidinyl, [1,2,4]triazolidinyl, [1,3,4]oxadiazolidinyl, [1,3,4]thiadiazolidinyl, [1,3,4]triazolidinyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, 2,5-dihydrofuranyl, 2,3-dihydrothienyl, 2,5-dihydrothienyl, 2,3-dihydropyrrolyl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazolyl, 4,5-dihydroisoxazolyl, 2,5-dihydroisoxazolyl, 2,3-dihydroisothiazolyl, 4,5-dihydroisothiazolyl, 2,5-dihydroisothiazolyl, 2,3-dihydropyrazolyl, 4,5-dihydropyrazolyl, 2,5-dihydropyrazolyl, 2,3-dihydrooxazolyl, 4,5-dihydrooxazolyl, 2,5-dihydrooxazolyl, 2,3-dihydrothiazolyl, 4,5-dihydrothiazolyl, 2,5-dihydrothiazolyl, 2,3-dihydroimidazolyl, 4,5-dihydroimidazolyl, 2,5-dihydroimidazolyl, tetrahydropyridazinyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl, tetrahydropyrazinyl, tetrahydro[1,3,5]triazinyl, [1,3]dithianyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, [1,3]dioxolanyl, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, 4H-[1,3]thiazinyl, 1,1-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrothienyl, 2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl including 2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl, 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl including 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl, 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]-heptyl including 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-5-yl, which all are bonded via any suitable ring carbon atom or ring nitrogen atom and are optionally substituted as indicated in the definition of the respective group.

Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. In one embodiment of the invention, any halogen in a compound of the formula I is independently of any other halogen selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine and bromine, in another embodiment from fluorine and chlorine.

When an oxo group is bonded to a carbon atom, it replaces two hydrogen atoms on a carbon atom of the parent system. Thus, if a CH₂ group in a chain or a ring is substituted by oxo, i.e. by a doubly bonded oxygen atom, it becomes a C(O) (═C(═O)) group. Evidently, an oxo group cannot occur as a substituent on a carbon atom in an aromatic ring such as in a phenyl group, for example. When a ring sulfur atom in a heterocyclic group can carry one or two oxo groups, it is a non-oxidized sulfur atom S in case it does not carry any oxo group, or it is an S(O) group (=sulfoxide group, S oxide group) in case it carries one oxo group, or it is an S(O)₂ group (=sulfone group, S,S dioxide group) in case it carries two oxo groups.

The present invention includes all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of the formula I and their salts and solvates. With respect to each chiral center, independently of any other chiral center, the compounds of the formula I can be present in S configuration or substantially S configuration, or in R configuration or substantially R configuration, or as a mixture of the S isomer and the R isomer in any ratio. The invention includes all possible enantiomers and diastereomers and mixtures of two or more stereoisomers, for example mixtures of enantiomers and/or diastereomers, in all ratios. Thus, compounds according to the invention which can exist as enantiomers can be present in enantiomerically pure form, both as levorotatory and as dextrorotatory antipodes, and in the form of mixtures of the two enantiomers in all ratios including racemates. In the case of a E/Z isomerism, or cis/trans isomerism, for example on double bonds or rings such as cycloalkyl rings, the invention includes both the E form and Z form, or the cis form and the trans form, as well as mixtures of these forms in all ratios. In one embodiment of the invention, a compound which can occur in two or more stereoisomeric forms is a pure, or substantially pure, individual stereoisomer. The preparation of individual stereoisomers can be carried out, for example, by separation of a mixture of isomers by customary methods, for example by chromatography or crystallization, by the use of stereochemically uniform starting materials in the synthesis, or by stereoselective synthesis. Optionally, a derivatization can be carried out before a separation of stereoisomers. The separation of a mixture of stereoisomers can be carried out at the stage of the compound of the formula I or at the stage of a starting material or an intermediate during the synthesis. The present invention also includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the formula I and their salts and solvates.

In case the compounds of the formula I contain one or more acidic and/or basic groups, i.e. salt-forming groups, the invention also includes their corresponding physiologically or toxicologically acceptable salts, i.e. non-toxic salts, in particular their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

The present invention includes all solvates of compounds of the formula I, for example hydrates or adducts with alcohols such as (C₁-C₄)-alkanols, active metabolites of the compounds of the formula I, and also prodrugs and derivatives of the compounds of the formula I which in vitro may not necessarily exhibit pharmacological activity but which in vivo are converted into pharmacologically active compounds, for example esters or amides of carboxylic acid groups.

The alkanediyl, alkenediyl and alkynediyl groups occurring in the group X can be linear or branched, as already indicated with respect to such groups in general, and these groups as well as cycloalkanediyl groups representing X can be bonded to the adjacent groups, i.e. to the group R¹O—C(O) and the group Y or, in the case of the group alkanediyloxy, to the oxygen atom of the alkanediyloxy group, via any positions.

The adjacent groups can be bonded to the same carbon atom or to different carbon atoms in the group X. In one embodiment, the chain of carbon atoms in an alkanediyl, alkenediyl and alkynediyl groups occurring in the group X which directly connects the group R¹O—C(O) to the group Y or, in the case of the group alkanediyloxy, to the oxygen atom of the alkanediyloxy group, consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, in another embodiment of 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms, in another embodiment of 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in another embodiment of 1 carbon atom. In the case of a cycloalkanediyl group representing X, in one embodiment the groups R¹O—C(O) and Y are bonded to two ring carbon atoms which are in 1,2-position, 1,3-position or 1,4-position with respect to each other, in another embodiment in 1,2-position or 1,3-position with respect to each other, in another embodiment in 1,2-position with respect to each other, in another embodiment in 1,4-position with respect to each other. In one embodiment, X is chosen from (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl and (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl-oxy, in another embodiment from (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl and (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy. In another embodiment from (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl and (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, in one embodiment from (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl and (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, in another embodiment from (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkynediyl and (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl, in another embodiment from (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl and (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl, in another embodiment from (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl and (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, in another embodiment X is (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl, in another embodiment X is (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, in another embodiment X is (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl, and in another embodiment X is (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, which all are optionally substituted as indicated. In one embodiment a (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl group occurring in X is a (C₁-C₄)-alkanediyl group, in another embodiment a (C₁-C₃)-alkanediyl group, in another embodiment a (C₁-C₂)-alkanediyl group. In one embodiment, the (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl and (C₂-C₆)-alkynediyl groups representing X are (C₂-C₄)-alkenediyl and (C₂-C₄)-alkynediyl groups, in another embodiment (C₂-C₃)-alkenediyl and (C₂-C₃)-alkynediyl groups. In one embodiment, a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl group representing X is a (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkanediyl group, in another embodiment a (C₃-C₄)-cycloalkanediyl group, in another embodiment a cyclopropanediyl group, in another embodiment a cyclohexanediyl group. Examples of groups X from any one or more of which the respective group representing X can be chosen in the aforementioned embodiments, or from any one or more of which X can be chosen in another embodiment of the invention, are methylene, —CH(CH₃)— (ethane-1,1-diyl), —CH₂—CH₂— (ethane-1,2-diyl, 1,2-ethylene), —C(CH₃)₂— (1-methylethane-1,1-diyl), —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂— (propane-1,3-diyl, 1,3-propylene), —CH₂—CH(CH₃)— and —CH(CH₃)—CH₂— (propane-1,2-diyl, 1,2-propylene), which exemplify the group (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl, —CH═CH— (ethene-1,2-diyl), —CH═CH—CH₂— and —CH₂—CH═CH— (prop-1-ene-1,3-diyl and prop-2-ene-1,3-diyl) and —CH═C(CH₃)— and —C(CH₃)═CH— (prop-1-ene-1,2-diyl) which exemplify the group (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, —C≡O— (ethynediyl) and —CH₂—C≡C and —C≡C—CH₂— (prop-1-yne-1,3-diyl and prop-2-yne-1,3-diyl) which exemplify the group (C₂-C₆)-alkynediyl, cyclopropane-1,1-diyl, cyclopropane-1,2-diyl and cyclohexane-1,4-diyl which exemplify the group (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl, —CH₂—O— (methyleneoxy), —CH₂—CH₂—O— (ethane-1,2-diyloxy), —CH(CH₃)—O— (ethane-1,1-diyloxy), —C(CH₃)₂—O— (1-methylethane-1,1-diyloxy), —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—O— (propane-1,3-diyloxy) and —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—O— (butane-1,4-diyloxy) which exemplify the group (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, all of which are optionally substituted as indicated. Thus, in one embodiment X is chosen from —CH₂—O—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—, —CH(CH₃)—O— and —C(CH₃)₂—O—, in another embodiment from —CH₂—O—, —CH₂—CH₂—O— and —CH(CH₃)—O—, in another embodiment from —CH₂—O— and —CH(CH₃)—O—, and in another embodiment X is —CH₂—O—, all of which are optionally substituted as indicated, and in which the oxygen atom is bonded to the group Y. In one embodiment, the number of substituents which are optionally present in X, is 1, 2, 3 or 4, in another embodiment 1, 2 or 3, in another embodiment 1 or 2, in another embodiment 1, and in another embodiment the group X is not substituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of fluorine and hydroxyl. In one embodiment, the number of hydroxy substituents in X is not greater than 2, in another embodiment not greater than 1. In one embodiment, no more than one hydroxy substituent is present on an individual carbon atom in X. In one embodiment, hydroxy substituents are not present on carbon atoms which are part of a double bond in the group (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl. In one embodiment, hydroxy substituents are not present on the carbon atom in the group (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy which is bonded to the oxygen atom, in another embodiment no substituents are present on the carbon atom in the group (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy which is bonded to the oxygen atom, i.e. in this latter embodiment all carbon atoms which are not linked to said oxygen atom are optionally substituted by one or more identical or different substituents chosen from fluoro and hydroxy. The double bond in the group (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl can have E configuration or Z configuration. In one embodiment it has E configuration, in another embodiment it has Z configuration.

In one embodiment of the invention, the group R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, in another embodiment R¹ is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and isopropyl, in another embodiment from hydrogen, methyl and ethyl, in another embodiment R¹ is hydrogen, in another embodiment R¹ is (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, in another embodiment R¹ is methyl.

In one embodiment of the invention, the number of ring heteroatoms in an aromatic heterocycle representing Y is 1 or 2, in another embodiment it is 1. In one embodiment of the invention, Y is chosen from phenylene and a divalent residue of an aromatic, 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle which comprises 1, 2 or 3 ring nitrogen atoms, in another embodiment 1 or 2 ring nitrogen atoms, in another embodiment 1 ring nitrogen atom, where one of the ring nitrogen atoms can carry a substituent R⁴ which is oxy, i.e. where one of the ring nitrogen atoms can be oxidized to the N-oxide, and where the phenylene and divalent residue of an aromatic heterocycle are optionally substituted on one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵. In another embodiment, Y is phenylene, where the phenylene is optionally substituted on one or more ring atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵, and in another embodiment Y is pyridinediyl, where the ring nitrogen atom can carry a substituent R⁴ which is oxy, i.e. where the ring nitrogen atom can be oxidized to the N-oxide, and where the pyridinediyl is optionally substituted on one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵. In another embodiment, Y is a divalent residue of an aromatic 5-membered heterocycle which comprises 1, 2 or 3 identical or different ring heteroatoms chosen from N, O and S, where one of the ring nitrogen atoms can carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent R⁴, and where the divalent residue of an aromatic heterocycle is optionally substituted on one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵. In one embodiment, a divalent residue of an aromatic heterocyclic group representing Y is selected from the group consisting of furandiyl, thiophenediyl, oxazolediyl, thiazolediyl, pyridinediyl, pyridazinediyl, pyrimidinediyl and pyrazinediyl, in another embodiment from furandiyl, thiophenediyl, thiazolediyl, pyridinediyl, pyridazinediyl, pyrimidinediyl and pyrazinediyl, in another embodiment from furandiyl, thiophenediyl, pyridinediyl, pyridazinediyl, pyrimidinediyl and pyrazinediyl, in another embodiment from furandiyl, thiophenediyl, pyridinediyl and pyrimidinediyl, in another embodiment from furandiyl, thiophenediyl and pyridinediyl, all of which are optionally substituted as indicated with respect to Y.

The ring carbon atoms via which the phenylene group and the divalent residue of an aromatic heterocycle representing Y are bonded to the oxazolopyrimidine ring and to the group X, can be in any positions. A phenylene group representing Y can be 1,2-phenylene, i.e. the oxazolopyrimidine ring and the group X can be bonded in 1,2-position, or ortho position, with respect to each other, it can be 1,3-phenylene, i.e. the oxazolopyrimidine ring and the group X can be bonded in 1,3-position, or meta position, with respect to each other, and it can be 1,4-phenylene, i.e. the oxazolopyrimidine ring and the group X can be bonded in 1,4-position, or para position, with respect to each another. In one embodiment, a phenylene group representing Y is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-phenylene and 1,4-phenylene, in another embodiment it is 1,3-phenylene, and in another embodiment it is 1,4-phenylene, all of which are optionally substituted as indicated with respect to Y. In one embodiment, Y is selected from one or more of the groups phenylene, furan-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,4-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,4-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-3,5-diyl, pyridine-2,6-diyl and pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, in another embodiment from the groups furan-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,4-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,4-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-3,5-diyl, pyridine-2,6-diyl and pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, in another embodiment from pyridine-2,4-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-3,5-diyl and pyridine-2,6-diyl, in another embodiment from phenylene, pyridine-2,4-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-3,5-diyl and pyridine-2,6-diyl, all of which are optionally substituted as indicated with respect to Y. In one embodiment, the number of substituents R⁵ which are optionally present on ring carbon atoms in Y, is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, in another embodiment 1, 2, 3 or 4, in another embodiment 1, 2 or 3, in another embodiment 1 or 2, in another embodiment 1. Ring carbon atoms in Y which do not carry a substituent R⁵, carry a hydrogen atom.

In one embodiment of the invention, the substituents R⁵ which are optionally present on the group Y, are selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro and cyano, in another embodiment from halogen, hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, amino and cyano, in another embodiment from halogen, hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)— and (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, in another embodiment from fluorine, chlorine, hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl- and (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, in another embodiment from fluorine, chlorine and (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, and in another embodiment they are (C₁-C₄)-alkyl substituents, where z is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2.

In one embodiment, 1, 2 or 3 of the substituents R⁵, in another embodiment 1 or 2 of the substituents R⁵, and in another embodiment 1 of the substituents R⁵, which are optionally present on the group Y, are defined as in the general definition of R⁵ and thus are chosen from halogen, hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, and any further substituents R⁵ which are optionally present on the group Y, for example 1, 2 or 3 further substituents R⁵, or 1 or 2 further substituents R⁵, or 1 further substituent R⁵, are chosen from halogen, hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro and cyano, where all alkyl groups independently of each other are optionally substituted by one or more fluorine substituents as generally applies to alkyl groups. In one embodiment, said substituents R⁵ which are optionally present on the group Y and which in the aforementioned embodiment are defined as in the general definition of R⁵, for example 1 or 2 such substituents R⁵, or 1 such substituent R⁵, are chosen from halogen, hydroxy, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino and cyano. In one embodiment, said substituents R⁵ which are optionally present on the group Y and which in the aforementioned embodiment are defined as in the general definition of R⁵, for example 1 or 2 such substituents R⁵, or 1 such substituent R⁵, are not located on ring carbon atoms within the group Y which are adjacent to the atom via which the group Y is bonded to the oxazolopyrimidine ring depicted in formula I. In one embodiment, said further substituents R⁵ which are optionally present on the group Y, for example 1, 2 or 3 further substituents R⁵, or 1 or 2 further substituents R⁵, or 1 further substituent R⁵, are chosen from halogen, hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, amino, cyano, in another embodiment from halogen, hydroxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl- and (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, in another embodiment from halogen, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl- and (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy-, in another embodiment from halogen and (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, where in all these embodiments all alkyl groups independently of each other are optionally substituted by one or more fluorine substituents.

In one embodiment of the invention, the number z is selected from the group consisting of 0 and 1, in another embodiment it is 0, in another embodiment it is 1.

The invention provides all compounds of the formula I wherein any one or more structural elements such as groups, substituents and numbers are defined as in any of the specified embodiments or definitions of the elements or have any one or more of the specific meanings which are mentioned herein as examples of elements, wherein all combinations of one or more specified embodiments and/or definitions and/or specific meanings of the elements are a subject of the present invention. Also with respect to all such compounds of the formula I, all their stereoisomeric forms and mixtures of stereoisomeric forms in any ratio, and their physiologically acceptable salts, and the physiologically acceptable solvates of any of them, are a subject of the present invention.

A further embodiment relates to compounds of the formula I in which one or more radicals have the following meanings:

X is (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, where the oxygen atom of the (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy group is attached to the group Y;

Y is phenylene, where the phenylene is optionally substituted at one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵;

R¹ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄)-alkyl;

R² and R³ independently of one another are selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, where z is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2;

m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2.

A further embodiment relates to compounds of the formula I in which one or more radicals have the following meanings:

X is (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, where the oxygen atom of the (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy group is attached to the group Y;

Y is phenylene, where the phenylene is optionally substituted at one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵;

R¹ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄)-alkyl;

R² and R³ independently of one another are selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2;

R⁵ is (C₁-C₄)-alkyl;

m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2.

A further embodiment relates to compounds of the formula I in which one or more radicals have the following meanings:

X is —(CH₂)—O—, where —O— is attached to the group Y;

Y is phenylene, where the phenylene is optionally substituted at one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵;

R¹ is hydrogen;

R² and R³ independently of one another are selected from the group consisting of H, halogen;

R⁵ is (C₁-C₄)-alkyl.

Likewise, also with respect to all specific compounds disclosed herein, such as the example compounds which represent embodiments of the invention wherein the various groups and numbers in the general definition of the compounds of the formula I have the specific meanings present in the respective specific compound, it applies that they are a subject of the present invention in any of their stereoisomeric forms and or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any ratio, and in the form of their physiologically acceptable salts, and in the form of the physiologically acceptable solvates of such compounds or such salts. Irrespective of whether a specific compound is disclosed herein as a free compound and/or as a specific salt, the invention provides the compound both in the form of the free compound and in the form of all its physiologically acceptable salts, and if a specific salt is disclosed, additionally in the form of this specific salt, and in the form of the physiologically acceptable solvates of such a compound or such salts. Thus, the invention also provides a compound of the formula I which is chosen from any one or more of the specific compounds of the formula I disclosed herein, including the example compounds specified below, and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof, and the physiologically acceptable solvates of such a compound or such salts, wherein the invention provides the compound of the formula I in any of its stereoisomeric forms or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any ratio, if applicable. An example which may be mentioned is a compound of the formula I or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof, e.g. {4-[(6-(2-fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethyl phenoxy}acetic acid.

Another subject of the present invention are processes for the preparation of the compounds of the formula I and their salts and solvates, by which the compounds are obtainable and which are outlined in the following.

In one process, a compound of the formula II is reacted with a compound of the formula III to give a compound of the formula I

where the groups X, Y, R¹, R² and R³ in the compounds of the formulae II and III are defined as in the compounds of the formula I and additionally functional groups can be present in protected form or in the form of a precursor group which is later converted into the final group. The group L¹ in the compounds of the formula II is a leaving group which can be replaced in an optionally catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction, such as a halogen atom, for example fluorine, chlorine or bromine, or a sulfone group, for example a group of the formula —S(O)₂-Alk where Alk is a (C₁-C₄)-alkyl group, for example methyl or ethyl.

The reaction of the compounds of the formulae II and III is an optionally catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction at the carbon atom in position 6 of the oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine ring, i.e. in the pyridine grouping, and can be carried out under standard conditions for such reactions, which are well known to the person skilled in the art. The reaction can also be carried out in the presence of catalyst systems, for example sodium tolylsulfinate or copper or palladium salts or complexes. In general, the reaction is, depending on the particular circumstances of the case in question, carried out in an inert solvent, for example a hydrocarbon or a chlorinated hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethan, chloroform or dichloroethane, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane, dibutyl ether, diisopropyl ether or 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), a ketone such as acetone or butan-2-one, an ester such as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, a nitrile such as acetonitrile, an amine such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) or N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (NMP), or a mixture of solvents, at temperatures of from about 20° C. to about 250° C., for example at temperatures of from about 40° C. to about 200° C. In general, it is favorable to add a base to increase the reactivity, for example a tertiary amine, such as triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine or N-methylmorpholine, or an inorganic base such as an alkaline earth metal hydride, hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate such as sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate or an alkoxide or amide such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium amide or lithium diisopropylamide. Prior to the reaction with the compound of the formula II, a compound of the formula III may also separately be treated with a base and converted into a salt. If the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst system, it is possible to employ catalysts which may comprise a metal ion or a metal in oxidation state 0; preference is given to using noble metals or noble metal salts, among these, in turn, preference is given to palladium and copper. The catalysis frequently requires the presence of certain metal-complexing ligands which enable the formation of a catalytically active species in the first place or stabilize it. Metal/ligand complexes may be added to the reaction or be formed in situ. Such catalyst systems may comprise, for example, copper or copper(I) salts, especially copper(I) halides or copper(I) carboxylates, in particular copper(I) iodide or copper(I) thiophenecarboxylate, or else pre-formed copper(I) complexes, for example tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophoshate, alone or in the presence of ligands, for example diamine ligands or 1,10-phenanthroline. Furthermore, such catalyst systems may consist of or be formed by palladium complexes or palladium salts in the presence of ligands, for example from palladium(0) complexes, in particular tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), or palladium acetate, palladium trifluoroacetate or palladium halides, in particular palladium chloride, in the presence of ligands, in particular diphosphine ligands such as, for example, 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1-1′-binaphthyl or 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene or pre-formed complexes such as bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium(0). Furthermore, it is possible to use simple catalysts; for example, the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 2-pyridine halides, in particular chlorides, can be catalyzed by substituted alkali metal or alkaline earth metal benzenesulfinate, in particular by sodium tolylsulfinate.

The starting materials of the formulae II and III can be obtained by processes described in the literature or analogously to processes described in the literature, and in many cases they are commercially available. The compounds of the formula II can be obtained, for example, by reacting a 3-aminopyrimidine derivative of the formula IV with an activated carboxylic acid derivative of the formula V to give a compound of the formula VI, cyclizing the latter compound with formation of the oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine ring system to give a compound of the formula VII, and introducing the grouping R¹O—C(O)—X— into the compound of the formula VII by reaction with a compound of the formula VIII to give a compound of the formula IX which, depending on the meaning of R′ and L¹, may already be a compound of the formula II, and optionally modifying the group R′ in the compound of the formula IX, giving compounds of the formula II.

The groups X, Y and R¹ in the compounds of the formulae II, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX are defined as in the compounds of the formula I, and additionally functional groups can be present in protected form or in the form of a precursor group which is later converted into the final group. The group X^(a) in the compounds of the formula VIII is defined like the group X in the compounds of the formula I or comprises a part of the group X in the desired compound of the formula II, such that after the reaction of the compounds of the formulae VII and VIII the group X^(a) and any parts of the groups FG¹ and FG² remaining in the compound of the formula IX together form the desired group X. Thus, for example, in the case that group X is an alkanediyloxy group, the group X^(a) in the compound of the formula VIII may be the desired alkanediyloxy group and the group FG² may be a hydrogen atom attached to the oxygen atom, or the group X^(a) may be the alkanediyl moiety, the group FG² is a leaving group and the group FG¹ in the compound of the formula VII is a hydroxyl group whose oxygen atom together with the alkanediyl moiety then, after the alkylation of the compound of the formula VII with the compound of the formula VIII, forms the desired alkanediyloxy group.

The groups FG¹ and FG² in the compounds of the formulae V, VI, VII and VIII are functional groups which are suitable for the type of coupling used for the formation of the desired group X from the group X^(a) and any part of groups FG¹ and FG² remaining in the compound of the formula IX. If, for example, the group X^(a) is attached via a nucleophilic substitution reaction to the group Y or to an atom in the group FG¹, like an oxygen atom in a hydroxyl group representing FG¹, as mentioned above, FG² may be a leaving group such as a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine or iodine, or a sulfonyloxy group such as methanesulfonyloxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy or toluenesulfonyloxy. In general, the group FG¹ is located at the carbon atom in the phenylene group or heterocyclic group which represents Y, which, in the compounds of the formulae IX, II and I, carries the group X. The group FG¹ in the compounds of the formulae V, VI and VII may also be present in protected form or in the form of a precursor group which is at a later point converted into the group which in the compound of the formula VII reacts with the compound of the formula VIII. Thus, for example, a hydroxyl group which represents FG¹ in the compound of the formula VII may be present in protected form in the compounds of the formulae V and VI, for example in the form of an etherified hydroxyl group such as a benzyl ether or an alkyl ether such as a methyl ether. Such ethers can be cleaved using methods which are well-known to the person skilled in the art. A summary of methods to remove protective groups can be found in the literature, for example in P. J. Kocienski, Protecting Groups (Thieme Verlag, 1994), or T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (John Wiley & Sons, 1999).

The group L¹ in the compound II is defined as described above.

The group L² in the compounds of the formula V is a nucleophilically substitutable leaving group and may in particular be a halogen atom, such as chlorine or bromine, and the compound of the formula V may thus be a carbonyl halide. L² may also be a group of the formula FG¹-Y—C(O)—O, and the compound of the formula V may thus be a carboxylic anhydride, for example.

The group R′ in the compounds of the formulae IV, VI, VII and IX may be a hydroxyl group or a halogen atom, such as chlorine and bromine.

Compounds encountered in the synthesis of the compounds of the formula I, such as the compound of the formula IV, may also be present in another tautomeric form, for example in the keto form, provided the groups R′ in the compound of the formula IV are hydroxyl groups. Compounds encountered in the synthesis of the compounds of the formula I including starting materials, intermediates and products, may also be employed or obtained in the form of a salt.

The reaction of the compounds of the formulae IV and V can be carried out under standard conditions for the acylation of an amine with an activated carboxylic acid derivative such as an acid halide or anhydride. In general, the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent, for example a hydrocarbon or a chlorinated hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform or dichloroethane, an ether such as THF, dioxane, dibutyl ether, diisopropyl ether or DME, a ketone such as acetone or butan-2-one, an ester such as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, or water, or a mixture of solvents, at temperatures of from about −10° C. to about 40° C., for example at temperatures of from about 0° C. to about 30° C. In general, the reaction is carried out with addition of a base, for example a tertiary amine, such as triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine or N-methylmorpholine or an inorganic base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. The reaction of the compounds of the formulae VI and VII is generally carried out in an inert solvent, for example an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, or an ether such as THF, dioxane or DME, or a mixture of solvents, at temperatures of from about 20° C. to about 80° C., for example temperatures of about 40° C. to about 80° C., in the presence of a base, for example an alkoxide such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide or potassium tert-butoxide.

If the group R′ in the compound of the formula VI is hydroxyl, the cyclization of the compound of the formula VI to the compound of the formula VII can favorably be carried out in the presence of a halogenating agent such as a phosphorus halide; such as phosphorus pentachloride or phosphorus oxychloride or a mixture thereof, in an inert solvent, for example a hydrocarbon or a chlorinated hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform or dichloroethane, at temperatures of from about 20° C. to about 100° C., for example at temperatures of from about 50° C. to about 80° C. If the group R′ in the compound of the formula VI is halogen such as chlorine, the cyclization of the compound of the formula VI to the compound of the formula VII can be carried out thermally, for example by heating the compound of the formula VI in an inert solvent such as a hydrocarbon or a chlorinated hydrocarbon, for example toluene, xylene or chlorobenzene or an amide, for example DMF, DMA or NMP, or a nitrile, for example acetonitrile, at temperatures of from about 100° C. to about 200° C., for example at temperatures of from about 120° C. to about 180° C., optionally under pressure and optionally in the presence of a base such as a tertiary amine, for example triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine or N-methylmorpholine, or an inorganic base, for example an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. Expediently, the thermal cyclization can be carried out in a microwave reactor. This cyclization can also be carried out in the presence of catalysts. If the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst system, it is possible to employ catalysts which may comprise a metal ion or a metal in oxidation state 0; preference is given to using noble metals or noble metal salts, among these, in turn, preference is given to palladium and copper. The catalysis frequently requires the presence of certain metal-complexing ligands which enable the formation of a catalytically active species in the first place or stabilize it. Metal/ligand complexes may be added to the reaction or be formed in situ. Such catalyst systems may comprise, for example, copper or copper(I) salts, especially copper(I) halides or copper(I) carboxylates, in particular copper(I) iodide or copper(I) thiophenecarboxylate, or else pre-formed copper(I) complexes, for example tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophoshate, alone or in the presence of ligands, for example diamine ligands or 1,10-phenanthroline. Furthermore, such catalyst systems may consist of or be formed by palladium complexes or palladium salts in the presence of ligands, for example from palladium(0) complexes, in particular tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), or palladium acetate, palladium trifluoroacetate or palladium halides, in particular palladium chloride, in the presence of ligands, in particular diphosphine ligands such as, for example, 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1-1′-binaphthyl or 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene or pre-formed complexes such as bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium(0). Furthermore, it is possible to use simple catalysts; for example, the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 2-pyridine halides, in particular chlorides, can be catalyzed by substituted alkali metal or alkaline earth metal benzenesulfinate, in particular by sodium tolylsulfinate.

The coupling of compounds of the formula VIII with compounds of the formula VII can be carried out using reactions of various types, as already mentioned above, for example via an alkylation reaction. Thus, the group Y can, for example when it carries a hydroxyl group which represents FG¹, be alkylated using a compound of the formula VIII in which FG² is a leaving group suitable for nucleophilic substitution reactions such as a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine or iodine, or a sulfonyloxy group such as methanesulfonyloxy or toluenesulfonyloxy. The nucleophilic substitution reaction at the carbon atom of the compound of the formula VIII which carries the group FG² can be carried out under standard conditions for such reactions, which are well-known to the person skilled in the art. In general, the reaction is, depending on the particular circumstances of the case in question, carried out in an inert solvent, for example a hydrocarbon or a chlorinated hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform or dichloroethane, an ether such as THF, dioxane, dibutyl ether, diisopropyl ether or DME, an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, a ketone such as acetone or butan-2-one, an ester such as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, a nitrile such as acetonitrile, an amide such as N,N-dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, or a mixture of solvents, at temperatures of from about 20° C. to about 100° C., for example at temperatures of from about 40° C. to about 80° C. In general, it is favorable to add a base to increase the nucleophilicity of the compound of the formula XIII and/or to bind an acid released during the reaction, for example a tertiary amine, such as triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine or N-methylmorpholine, or an inorganic base such as an alkali metal hydride, hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate such as sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate or an alkoxide or amide such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium amide or lithium diisopropylamide. Prior to the reaction with the compound of the formula VIII, a compound of the formula VII in which FG¹ is hydroxyl may also separately be treated with a base and converted into a salt. A compound of the formula VII in which FG¹ is hydroxyl may be converted into a compound of the formula IX not only by reaction with a compound of the formula VIII in which FG² is a leaving group as indicated, but also by reaction with the corresponding alcohol, i.e. a compound of the formula VIII in which FG² is hydroxyl, under the conditions of the Mitsunobu reaction in the presence of an azodicarboxylate such as diethyl azodicarboxylate or diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and a phosphine such as triphenylphosphine or tributylphosphine in an inert aprotic solvent, for example an ether such as THF or dioxane (see O. Mitsunobu, Synthesis (1981), 1-28). The coupling of compounds of the formula VIII with compounds of the formula VII via a transition metal-catalyzed reaction can also be carried out under the conditions of palladium-catalyzed crosscoupling reactions such as the Heck, Stille or Suzuki coupling reaction (see A. de Meijere and F. Diederich (Ed.), Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions (Wiley-VCH, 2004)).

The compound of the formula IX may already be a compound of the formula II and be employed in the reaction with the compound of the formula III if it is obtained from a compound of the formula VI in which R′ is halogen, such as chlorine, and the halogen atom in the cyclization product has not been replaced during the course of the synthesis, for example by a hydroxyl group during work-up, or if it has been obtained from a compound of the formula VI in which R′ is hydroxyl, and simultaneously with the cyclization the second hydroxyl group in the compound of the formula VI or VII is halogenated, for example replaced by a chlorine atom, as may be the case during a cyclization with the aid of a phosphorus halide or phosphorus oxyhalide. If R′ in the compound of the formula IX is a hydroxyl group, a compound of the formula IX can be converted under standard conditions into a compound of the formula II in which L¹ is a halogen atom such as, for example, a chlorine, for example by treatment with a halogenating agent such as a phosphorus halide or a phosphorus oxyhalide. Depending on the specific case, such as the reactivity of the specific compound of the formula III to be reacted with the compound of the formula II, it may also be advantageous to modify the group R′ in a compound of the formula IX, even if it already is a leaving group. Thus, for example, a compound of the formula IX, in which R′ is halogen, such as chlorine, may be converted by treatment with an alkanesulfinic acid of the formula Alk-S(O)—OH in which Alk is (C₁-C₄)-alkyl into a compound of the formula II in which L¹ is the group —S(O)₂-Alk. Such a reaction is generally carried out in the presence of a base such as an alkali metal hydride, hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate such as sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, in an inert solvent such as a hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene, xylene or chlorobenzene, an ether such as THF, dioxane, dibutyl ether, diisopropyl ether or DME, an amide such as DMF or NMP, or a mixture of solvents at temperatures of from about 20° C. to about 250° C., for example at temperatures of from about 80° C. to about 200° C. Prior to the reaction with the compound of the formula IX, an alkanesulfinic acid may also separately be treated with a base and converted into a salt.

The order of the steps in the preparation of the compounds of the formula I can also be changed, and, for example, the compound of the formula VIIIa can be reacted with a compound of the formula III to give a compound of the formula X, and the product X obtained can be reacted with a compound of the formula VIII to give a compound of the formula I,

where the groups X, Y, R¹, R² and R³ in the compounds of the formulae III, Vila, VIII and X are defined as in the compounds of the formula I and additionally functional groups may be present in protected form or in the form of a precursor group which at a later point is converted into the final group, where the group R′ is a halogen such as, for example, chlorine or bromine, and where the groups X^(a), FG¹ and FG² in the compounds of the formulae VIIIa, VIII and X are as defined above.

The above statements concerning the reaction of the compounds of the formulae II and III and the reaction of the compounds of the formulae VII and VIII apply correspondingly to corresponding reaction steps in such a synthesis of the compounds of the formula I.

Further compounds of the formula I can be obtained from suitable compounds prepared according to the above-described processes by functionalization or modification of any functional groups present according to standard procedures, for example by esterification, amidation, hydrolysis, etherification, alkylation, acylation, sulfonylation, reduction, oxidation, conversion into salts, and others. For example, a hydroxyl group, which may be liberated from an ether group by ether cleavage, for example by means of boron tribromide, or from a protected hydroxyl group by deprotection, can be esterified to give a carboxylic acid ester or a sulfonic acid ester, or etherified. Etherifications of hydroxyl groups can favorably be performed by alkylation with the respective halogen compound, for example a bromide or iodide, in the presence of a base, for example an alkaline metal carbonate such as potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, in an inert solvent, for example an amide like DMF or NMP or a ketone like acetone or butan-2-one, or with the respective alcohol under the conditions of the Mitsunobu reaction referred to above. A hydroxyl group can be converted into a halide by treatment with a halogenating agent. A halogen atom can be replaced with a variety of groups in a substitution reaction which may also be a transition-metal catalyzed reaction. A nitro group can be reduced to an amino group, for example by catalytic hydrogenation. An amino group can be modified under standard conditions for alkylation, for example by reaction with a halogen compound or by reductive amination of a carbonyl compound, or for acylation or sulfonylation, for example by reaction with a reactive carboxylic acid derivative, like an acid chloride or anhydride or a sulfonic acid chloride, or with an activated carboxylic acid which may be obtained from the carboxylic acid by treatment with a coupling agent like N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (CD), a carbodiimide such as 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU), O-(cyano(ethoxycarbonyl)methyleneamino)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TOTU) or [(benzotriazol-1-yloxy)dimethylaminomethylene]dimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU), for example. A carboxylic ester group can be hydrolyzed under acidic or basic conditions to give a carboxylic acid. A carboxylic acid group can be activated or converted into a reactive derivative as mentioned above and reacted with an alcohol or an amine or ammonia to give an ester or amide. A primary amide can be dehydrated to give a nitrile. A sulfur atom, for example in an alkyl-S group or in a heterocyclic ring, can be oxidized with a peroxide like hydrogen peroxide or a peracid to give a sulfoxide moiety S(O) or a sulfone moiety S(O)₂. A carboxylic acid group, a carboxylic acid ester group and a ketone group can be reduced to an alcohol, for example by means of a complex hydride such as lithium aluminum hydride, lithium borohydride or sodium borohydride. A compound of the formula I or an intermediate such as a compound of the formula II or IX, which contains a double bond or a triple bond in the group X, which can be readily obtained via a transition metal-catalyzed coupling reaction from a compound of the formula VIII containing a double or triple bond in the group X^(a) and a compound of the formula VII as outlined above, can be converted into a compound in which X is a saturated group, by hydrogenation in the presence of hydrogenation catalyst such as a palladium catalyst.

All reactions used in the above-described syntheses of the compounds of the formula I are per se well known to the skilled person and can be carried out under standard conditions according to, or analogously to, procedures described in the literature, for example in Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie (Methods of Organic Chemistry), Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, or Organic Reactions, John Wiley & Sons, New York. If desired, the obtained compounds of the formula I, as well as any intermediate compounds, can be purified by customary purification procedures, for example by recrystallization or chromatography. As already mentioned, all starting compounds and intermediates employed in the above-described syntheses which contain an acidic or basic group, can also be employed in the form of salts, and all intermediates and final target compounds can also be obtained in the form of salts. As likewise mentioned above, depending on the circumstances of the specific case, in order to avoid an unwanted course of a reaction or side reactions during the synthesis of a compound it can generally be necessary or advantageous to temporarily block functional groups by introducing protective groups and deprotect them at a later stage of the synthesis, or to introduce functional groups in the form of precursor groups which later are converted into the desired functional groups. As examples of protective groups amino-protective groups may be mentioned which can be acyl groups or alkyloxycarbonyl groups, for example a tert-butyloxycarbonyl group (=Boc) which can be removed by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (=TFA), a benzyloxycarbonyl group which can be removed by catalytic hydrogenation, or a fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl group which can be removed by treatment with piperidine, and protective groups of carboxylic acid groups which can be protected as ester groups, such as tert-butyl esters which can be deprotected by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, or benzyl esters which can be deprotected by catalytic hydrogenation. As an example of a precursor group the nitro group, which can be converted into an amino group by reduction, for example by catalytic hydrogenation, may be mentioned. Such synthesis strategies, and protective groups and precursor groups which are suitable in a specific case, are known to the skilled person.

Another subject of the present invention are the novel starting compounds and intermediates occurring in the synthesis of the compounds of the formula I, including the compounds of the formulae II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X in which X, X^(a), Y, R¹, R², R³, R′, FG¹, FG², L¹ and L² are defined as above, in any of their stereoisomeric forms or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any ratio, and their salts, and solvates of any of such compounds or such salts, and their use as intermediates. The invention also includes all tautomeric forms of said intermediates and starting compounds. All explanations given above and embodiments specified above with respect to the compounds of the formula I also apply correspondingly to said intermediates and starting materials. Subject of the invention are in particular the novel specific starting compounds and intermediates disclosed herein. Independently thereof whether they are disclosed as a free compound and/or as a specific salt, they are a subject of the invention both in the form of the free compounds and in the form of their salts, and if a specific salt is disclosed, additionally in the form of this specific salt, and in the form of solvates of such compounds or such salts.

The compounds of the formula I, optionally in combination with other pharmacologically active compounds, can be administered to animals, in particular to mammals including humans, as pharmaceuticals by themselves, in mixtures with one another, or in the form of pharmaceutical compositions. The administration can be carried out orally, for example in the form of tablets, film-coated tablets, sugar-coated tablets, granules, hard and soft gelatin capsules, solutions including aqueous, alcoholic and oily solutions, juices, drops, syrups, emulsions or suspensions, rectally, for example in the form of suppositories, or parenterally, for example in the form of solutions for subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection or infusion, in particular aqueous solutions. The compounds of the formula I can additionally be used in modes of local drug delivery, for example in coated stents for preventing or reducing in-stent restenosis or by applying them locally by means of a catheter. The appropriate administration form depends, among others, on the disease to be treated and on its severity.

The compounds of the formula I can also be administered topically. Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for topical use on the skin are in the form of ointment, cream, lotion, paste, gel, hydrogel, spray, aerosol or oil. Carriers which can be used are petrolatum, lanolin, polyethylene glycols, alcohols and combinations of two or more of these substances. The active ingredient is generally present in a concentration of 0.0001 to 15% by weight of the composition, for example 0.0005 to 2%.

In one embodiment, the topical preparation is present as a gel.

In a further embodiment, the topical preparation is present as a hydrogel.

A hydrogel is understood as meaning a polymer which comprises, but is insoluble in, water, and whose molecules are linked chemically, for example by covalent or ionic bonds, or physically, for example by loop formation of the polymer chains, to form a three-dimensional network. Owing to incorporated hydrophilic polymer components, they swell in water with a considerable increase in volume, but without losing their material hold. A hydrogel consists, for example, of a hydrophilic solvent (for example water), a moisturizer (for example glycerol) and a gel former (for example croscarmellose-sodium).

The examples below show suitable gel preparations:

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 1

Compound of example 1 0.0004% Glycerol 85%     10% Methylparaben    0.2% Propylparaben  0.03% Croscarmellose-sodium    4% HCl/NaOH qs (to adjust the pH to 7.5) Water ad 100%

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 2

Compound of example 1 0.04% Glycerol 85%  10% Methylparaben  0.2% Propylparaben 0.03% Croscarmellose-sodium   4% HCl/NaOH qs (to adjust the pH to 7.5) Water ad 100% 

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 3

Compound of example 1 0.0004% PEG400     10% Methylparaben    0.2% Propylparaben  0.03% Croscarmellose-sodium    4% HCl/NaOH qs (to adjust the pH to 7.5) Water ad 100%

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 4

Compound of example 1 0.04% PEG400  10% Methylparaben  0.2% Propylparaben 0.03% Croscarmellose-sodium   4% HCl/NaOH qs (to adjust the pH to 7.5) Water ad 100% 

The hydrogels are preparations for dermal application. The hydrogels can be applied to open wound regions. The hydrogels comprise the medicament in dissolved form, thus ensuring rapid skin and tissue penetration.

An aseptic preparation process ensures that no additional microbiological contaminations enter the wound as a result of the application of the medicament. In one embodiment, preservatives (methyl- and propylparaben) are additionally incorporated into the hydrogel to keep the pathogen load low.

In one embodiment, the hydrogel comprises the compounds of the formula I in concentrations of 0.04-0.0004% (m/m).

The aseptic hydrogel is stored in suitable sterile containers. In one embodiment, the hydrogel is stored in sterile containers made of polypropylene.

The amount of a compound of the formula I and/or its physiologically acceptable salts and/or solvates present in the pharmaceutical compositions normally ranges from about 0.2 to about 800 mg, for example from about 0.5 to about 500 mg, for example from about 1 to about 200 mg, per unit dose, but depending on the type of the pharmaceutical composition it may also be higher. The pharmaceutical compositions usually comprise from about 0.5 to about 90 percent by weight of the compound of the formula I and/or its physiologically acceptable salts and/or solvates. The production of the pharmaceutical compositions can be carried out in a manner known per se. To this end, one or more compounds of the formula I and/or their physiologically acceptable salts and/or solvates together with one or more solid or liquid pharmaceutical carrier substances, or vehicles, and/or additives, or auxiliary substances, and, if a combination medicament is desired, other pharmacologically active compounds having therapeutic or prophylactic action are brought into a suitable form for administration and dosage which can be used in human or veterinary medicine. As carrier substances and additives, suitable organic and inorganic substances can be used which do not react in an undesired manner with the compounds of the formula I or their physiologically acceptable salts or solvates. As examples of types of additives which can be contained in the pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments, lubricants, preservatives, thickeners, stabilizers, disintegrants, wetting agents, agents for achieving a depot effect, emulsifiers, salts, for example for influencing the osmotic pressure, buffer substances, colorants, flavorings and aromatic substances may be mentioned. Examples of carrier substances and additives are water, physiological sodium chloride solution, vegetable oils, waxes, alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, 1,2-propanediol, benzyl alcohols or glycerol, polyols, mannitol, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, glycerol triacetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, cellulose, carbohydrates such as lactose, glucose, saccharose or starch like corn starch, stearic acid and its salts such as magnesium stearate, talc, lanolin, petroleum jelly, or mixtures thereof, for example mixtures of water with one or more organic solvents such as mixtures of water with alcohols. The compounds of the formula I and their physiologically acceptable salts and solvates can also be lyophilized and the obtained lyophilisates used for the production of injectable compositions, for example.

The dosage of a compound of the formula I and/or a physiologically acceptable salt and/or solvate thereof to be administered depends on the specific case and, as is usual, has to be adapted by the physician according to the customary rules and procedures to the individual circumstances in order to achieve an optimum effect. It depends, for example, on the nature and the severity of the disorder to be treated, the sex, age, weight and individual responsiveness of the human or animal patient, on the efficacy and duration of action of the compound used, on whether the treatment is for the therapy of an acute or chronic disease or prophylactic, or on whether other active ingredients are administered in addition to a compound of the formula I. In general, a daily dose from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, or from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg, or from about 0.3 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg (in each case mg per kg of bodyweight), for example, is appropriate for administration to an adult weighing about 75 kg in order to obtain the desired results. The daily dose can be administered in a single dose or, in particular when larger amounts are administered, divided into several, for example two, three or four, individual doses. The administration can also be carried out continuously, for example by continuous infusion or injection. Depending on the individual behavior in a specific case, it may be necessary to deviate upward or downward from the indicated dosages.

The examples below illustrate the invention.

When example compounds containing a basic group were purified by preparative high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) on reversed phase (RP) column material and, as customary, the eluent was a gradient mixture of water and acetonitrile containing trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), they were in part obtained in the form of their acid addition salt with trifluoroacetic acid, depending on the details of the workup such as evaporation or lyophilization conditions. In the names of the example compounds and their structural formulae any such trifluoroacetic acid present is not specified.

The prepared compounds were in general characterized by spectroscopic data and chromatographic data, in particular mass spectra (MS) and HPLC retention times (Rt; in min) which were obtained by combined analytical HPLC/MS characterization (LC/MS), and/or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. In the NMR characterization, the chemical shift δ (in ppm), the number of hydrogen atoms and the multiplicity (s=singlet, d=doublet, dd=double doublet, t=triplet, dt=double triplet, q=quartet, m=multiplet; br=broad) of the signals is given. In the MS characterization, in general the mass number (m/z) of the peak of the molecular ion M, e.g. M⁺, or of a related ion such as the ion M+1, e.g. [M+1]⁺, i.e. the protonated molecular ion [M+H]⁺, which was formed depending on the ionization method used, is given. Generally, the ionization method was electrospray ionization (ESI). The LC/MS conditions used were as follows.

Method LC1

Column: Phenomenex, 4 μM, 10×2 mm, 1.7 μm; flow rate: 1.1 ml/min; eluent A: water+0.05% trifluoroacetic acid; eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: from 93% A+7% B to 5% A+95% B in 1.2 min, then 5% A+95% B for 0.2 min; MS ionization method: ESI⁺

Method LC2

Column: HPLC BEH C18, 50×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm; flow rate: 0.9 ml/min; eluent A: water+0.1% formic acid; eluent B: acetonitrile+0.08% formic acid; gradient: from 95% A+5% B to 5% A+95% B in 1.1 min, then 5% A+95% B for 0.6 min; MS ionization method: ESI⁺

Method LC3

Column: HPLC BEH C18, 50×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm; flow rate: 0.9 ml/min; eluent A: water+0.05% formic acid; eluent B: acetonitrile+0.035% formic acid; gradient: from 95% A+5% B to 5% A+95% B in 1.1 min, then 5% A+95% B for 0.6 min; MS ionization method: ESI⁺

EXAMPLE 1 {4-[6-(2-Fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenoxy}acetic acid

(a) N-(4,6-Dichloropyridin-3-yl)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylbenzamide

With ice cooling, 1.20 g of 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride, dissolved in 1 ml of dry dichloromethane were initially added dropwise to a solution of 0.82 g of 4,6-dichloropyridin-3-ylamine in 8 ml of dry dichloromethane. A solution of 0.4 ml of absolute pyridine in 1 ml of dry dichloromethane was then added, and the reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h, the product partially precipitating slowly. Approx. 10 ml of 10% strength aqueous sodium bisulfate solution were then added, and the mixture was stirred for five minutes. The aqueous phase was then decanted off and the solid-containing organic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure and freeze-dried. This gave 1.63 g (100%) of the product, which was used for the next step without any further purification.

LC/MS (Method LC1): Rt=0.92 min; m/z=325.05 [M+H]⁺

(b) 6-Chloro-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine

In a microwaveable vessel, 0.98 g of N-(4,6-dichloropyridin-3-yl)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylbenzamide were dissolved in 15 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran, and 29 mg of copper(I) iodide, 54 mg of 1,10-phenanthroline and 1.47 g of cesium carbonate were added. In a microwave sunthesizer, the reaction mixture was then heated at 180° C. for 3 h. For work-up, the mixture was added to 12 ml of a 0.5 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The precipitated solid was filtered off with suction and the mother liquor was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The collected organic phases were combined with the suction-filtered solid and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. This gave 0.79 g (91%) of the product, which was reacted further without any further purification.

LC/MS (Method LC1): Rt=1.04 min; m/z=289.05 [M+H]⁺

(c) 6-(2-Fluorophenoxy)-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine

In a microwaveable vessel, 0.65 g of 6-chloro-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine were dissolved in 12 ml of absolute N,N-dimethylformamide, and 0.25 g of 2-fluorophenol, 0.88 g of cesium carbonate, 21 mg of copper (I) iodide and 40 mg of 1,10-phenanthroline were added. In a microwave reactor, the reaction was heated at 200° C. for 1 h. For work-up, the mixture was added to saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium bisulaite solution, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by means of preparative HPLC, giving 86 mg (10%) of product.

LC/MS (Method LC2): Rt=1.46 min; m/z=365.13 [M+H]⁺

(d) 4-[6-(2-Fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenol

A solution of 60 mg of 6-(2-fluorophenoxy)-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine in 2 ml of dichloromethane was cooled to 0° C., and 0.4 ml of a 1 M solution of boron tribromide in dichloromethane were added over a period of 10 min. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and a further 0.2 ml of a 1 M solution of boron tribromide in dichloromethane was then added. The reaction was then stirred at room temperature for 16 h. For work-up, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added slowly to the reaction mixture. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried under reduced pressure. This gave 41 mg (71%) of the title compound.

LC/MS (Method LC2): Rt=1.35 min; m/z=351.13 [M+H]⁺

(e) tert-Butyl {4-[6-(2-fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenoxy}acetate

110 mg of potassium carbonate were added to a solution of 70 mg of 4-[6-(2-fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenol in 1 ml of dimethylformamide, and 51 mg of tert-butyl bromoacetate were then added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was then added to water and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The collected organic phases were dried and concentrated. This gave 93 mg (100%) of the title compound, which was reacted further without any further purification.

LC/MS (Method LC2): Rt=1.48 min; m/z=465.20 [M+H]⁺

(f) {4-[6-(2-Fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenoxy}acetic acid

0.8 ml of trifluoroacetic acid was added to a solution of 90 mg of tert-butyl {4-[6-(2-fluorophenoxy)oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenoxy}acetate in 2 ml of dichloromethane, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction was then concentrated under reduced pressure and freeze-dried. This gave 101 mg (100%) of the title compound.

LC/MS (Method LC3): Rt=1.17 min; m/z=409.18 [M+H]⁺

Determination of the Pharmacological Activity

A) GTP-γ-S assay using human Edg 1 receptors

In order to determine the Edg 1 receptor activation by the compounds of the invention, a GTP-γ-S ((GTP-γ-S=guanosine 5′-[thio]triphosphate) assay for G-protein coupled receptor binding based on the scintillation proximity assay principle was used, employing a cell membrane preparation from a CHO Flp-In cell line which constitutively overexpresses the human Edg 1 receptor.

(a) Cell Line Generation

The Flp-In™ expression system (Invitrogen, cat. no. K6010-01) allows the generation of stable mammalian cell lines into which the gene of interest has been integrated through homologous recombination at a specific genomic location called Flp Recombination Target (FRT) site by means of a Flp recombinase encoded by the pOG44 expression plasmid. The integration of the pcDNA5/FRT expression construct into the Flp-In host cell line genome results in the transcription of the gene of interest. The stably transfected cells become hygromycin-resistant.

One day prior to transfection, 200 000 Flp-In-CHO cells were seeded in Ham F-12 medium (Invitrogen, cat. no. 31765) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS; Perbio Science, cat. no. SH30068.03) in a 6-well plate and incubated at 37° C./5% CO₂ overnight. Using the FuGENE® 6 transfection reagent (Roche, cat. no. 11988387001), cells were cotransfected with the Flp recombinase expression plasmid pOG44 and a modified plasmid additionally containing the edg-1 gene (accession no. NM_(—)001400) termed as pcDNA5-FRT-TO_nFLAG_DEST-EDG 1 with a 9:1 ratio. To obtain the modified pcDNA5-FRT-TO_nFLAG_DEST plasmid, the Invitrogen plasmid pcDNA5/FRT/TO (Invitrogen, cat. no. V6520-20) was adapted to the Gateway® (Invitrogen) cloning system by inserting a Gateway cassette containing attR recombination sites flanking a ccdB gene and a chloramphenicol-resistance gene (Gateway conversion system, Invitrogen, cat. no. 11828-029). In addition a FLAG tag epitope was added before the 5′ att recombination site to allow recombinant expression of N-terminally FLAG-tagged proteins.

For the transfection of one well, 1.08 μg of pOG44 and 0.12 μg of pcDNA5-FRT-TO_nFLAG_DEST-EDG 1 were mixed with 100 μl of serum-free Ham F-12 medium containing 6 μl of FuGENE® 6 transfection reagent. After 20 min of incubation, the transfection reagent/DNA complex was distributed dropwise on the cells. The cells were incubated for 24 h at 37° C. Then the cells from 3 wells were transferred to a T75 flask (Greiner Cellstar®, cat. no. 658175) containing Ham F-12 medium supplemented with 10% of FCS but without antibiotic and were incubated another 24 h. 48 h after transfection, the medium was replaced by selection medium (Ham F-12 supplemented with 10% of FCS and 300 μg/ml of hygromycin B (Invitrogen, cat. no. 10687-010)). The medium was exchanged every 2 to 3 days until a resistant population of cells had grown. Cells were several times splitted and seeded into a new flask so that the cells did not reach more than 25% of confluency. After 2 weeks of selection, the cells were transferred into T175 flasks (Greiner Cellstar®, cat. no. 660175) and cultivated for batch production. Cells were harvested from the culture flasks by short treatment (2 to 5 min) with Accutase (PAA, cat. no L11-007), resuspended in selection medium (see above) and centrifuged at 200×g for 5 min. Cells were resuspended in a mixture of 90% of FCS and 10% of dimethyl sulfoxide and stored frozen in liquid nitrogen.

(b) Membrane Preparation

A membrane preparation was obtained by standard methods from the afore-described CHO Flp-In cell line constitutively overexpressing the human Edg 1 receptor. Briefly, the cryopreserved cells were taken in culture and grown until confluency in T175 cell culture flasks (Becton Dickinson, cat. no. 35 5001). Cell culture was stopped by washing with calcium-free phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Gibco, cat. no. 14190), and cells were harvested with a rubber-policeman in 4° C. cold and calcium-free PBS supplemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail (complete protease inhibitor; Roche, cat. no. 1697498; 1 tablet per 50 ml) and subsequently centrifuged at 4° C. for 15 min at 1100×g (Heraeus Minifuge T). For cell lysis, the pellet was resuspended in a 4° C. cold hypotonic buffer consisting of 5 mM HEPES (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. H-0981), 1 mM EDTA (disodium salt; Merck, cat. No. 8418) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (as above) in which cells were stored for another 15 min on ice. After lysis, cells were centrifuged at 4° C. for 10 min at 400×g (Heraeus Minifuge T). The pellet was disrupted in a Dounce homogenizer, diluted with the supernatant of the previous centrifugation and subsequently centrifuged at 4° C. for 10 min at 500×g (Heraeus Minifuge T) in order to separate nuclei and still intact cells from the membranes mainly present in the supernatant. The supernatant was then diluted in hypotonic buffer and centrifuged (Beckmann, Avanti J251) at approximately 18 600×g for 2 h at 4° C. After centrifugation, the membrane pellet was resuspended in a storing buffer consisting of 20 mM HEPES; 150 mM NaCl (Merck, cat. no. 6400), 1 mM EDTA (as above) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (as above). The membrane preparation was aliquoted and stored at −80 C. Protein concentration of the membrane preparation was determined in a sample by means of a commercial protein assay (Bio-Rad, DC Protein Assay, cat. nos. 500-0113, 500-0114, 500-0115).

(c) GTP-γ-S-Assay

The Edg 1 membrane preparation obtained in (b) was employed in a commercially available scintillation proximity assay (SPA) kit for G-protein coupled receptor binding from Amersham Biosciences/GE Healthcare (code RPNQ0210), in which ligand-induced binding of ³⁵S-radiolabeled GTP-γ-S to the receptor-containing membrane, which is bound to scintillation beads, stimulates the emission of light and allows to quantify the in vitro activity of the Edg 1 agonistic compound. The assay was performed on a 96-well plate substantially according to the manufacturer's instructions. Before start of the experiments, scintillation beads were suspended in a reconstitution buffer consisting of Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) sodium azide and subsequently diluted on ice with assay buffer (consisting of 20 mM HEPES, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA (as above), 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), adjusted to pH 7.4) to a final bead concentration of 30 mg/ml.

Wells were charged with 10 μl of the specified assay buffer, 10 μl of a 100 μM guanosine diphosphate (GDP) solution, and 10 μl of a solution of the test compound in assay buffer/dimethyl sulfoxide resulting in a final concentration of the test compound of 10 μM. For the high controls, 10 μl of a solution of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P, Sigma, cat. no. S-9666), resulting in a final S1P concentration of 10 μM, and for the low controls 10 μl of assay buffer, was added into respective wells instead of the solution of the test compound. All wells contained equivalent amounts of dimethyl sulfoxide. Then 10 μl of a [³⁵S]GTP-γ-S solution (4 nM) and the Edg 1 membrane preparation obtained in (b) (15 μg membrane proteins in 100 μl of assay buffer) were added to each well. After incubation of the plates at room temperature for 5 min, 50 μl of the specified scintillation bead suspension (30 mg/ml) were added. After a further incubation period of 45 min at room temperature, plates were centrifuged for 10 min at 500×g. Quantification of [³⁵S]GTP-γ-S binding and thus receptor activation was measured by means of a beta counter (MicroBeta, Wallac) over 1 min. Values were background-corrected by subtraction of the respective low control. All measurements were made in triplicate. The receptor activation by the test compound is expressed in percent of the respective high control (10 μM S1P, regarded as 100% activation). The activation observed with example compound 1 at 10 μM was 86%.

It can be seen from the measurement data that the compounds are highly suitable for wound healing and in particular for treating wound healing disorders of patients with diabetes. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A compound of the formula I, in any of its stereoisomeric forms, or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any ratio, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a physiologically acceptable solvate of such a compound or such a salt,

wherein X is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenediyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkynediyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy and (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyloxy; all of which are optionally substituted by one or more identical or different substituents selected from the group consisting of fluorine and hydroxyl, where the oxygen atom of the (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy and (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkanediyloxy groups is attached to group Y; Y is selected from the group consisting of phenylene and a bivalent radical of an aromatic 5-membered or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle which contains 1, 2 or 3 identical or different ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, where one of the ring nitrogen atoms may carry a hydrogen atom or a substituent R⁴ and where the phenylene and the bivalent radical of an aromatic heterocycle are optionally substituted at one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵; R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C₁-C₄)-alkyl; R² and R³ independently of one another are selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, where z is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and
 2. 2. The compound of the formula I, in any of its stereoisomeric forms, or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any ratio, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a physiologically acceptable solvate of such a compound or such a salt as claimed in claim 1, wherein X is (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, where the oxygen atom of the (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy group is attached to the group Y; Y is phenylene, where the phenylene is optionally substituted at one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵; R¹ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄)-alkyl; R² and R³ independently of one another are selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₃-C₅)-cycloalkyl-C_(z)H_(2z)—, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, where z is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and
 2. 3. The compound of the formula I, in any of its stereoisomeric forms, or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any ratio, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a physiologically acceptable solvate of such a compound or such a salt as claimed in claim 1, wherein X is (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy, where the oxygen atom of the (C₁-C₆)-alkanediyloxy group is attached to the group Y; Y is phenylene, where the phenylene is optionally substituted at one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵; R¹ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄)-alkyl; R² and R³ independently of one another are selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxy, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl-S(O)_(m)—, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and aminosulfonyl, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-C_(w)H_(2w)— and oxy, where w is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; R⁵ is (C₁-C₄)-alkyl; m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and
 2. 4. The compound of the formula I, in any of its stereoisomeric forms, or a mixture of stereoisomeric forms in any ratio, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a physiologically acceptable solvate of such a compound or such a salt as claimed in claim 1, wherein X is —(CH₂)—O—, where —O— is attached to the group Y; Y is phenylene, where the phenylene is optionally substituted at one or more ring carbon atoms by identical or different substituents R⁵; R¹ is hydrogen; R² and R³ independently of one another are selected from the group consisting of H, halogen; R⁵ is (C₁-C₄)-alkyl.
 5. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising at least one compound of the formula I as claimed in claim 1 or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, or a physiologically acceptable solvate of such a compound or such a salt, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 6. The pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a hydrogel preparation. 